# 9709/72 October/November 2018

> 9709/72 October/November 2018: 7 questions, 50 marks. Difficulty 0.44, deviation 0.17, algebraic 0.26, text density 0.44. CIE IAL Mathematics 9709 P7.

- Canonical HTML: https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-october-november-9709-72/
- Markdown mirror: https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-october-november-9709-72/index.md

---

CIE IAL · Mathematics · 2018 October/November

This Mathematics 9709 Paper 7 (Probability & Statistics 2) paper contains 7 questions worth 50 marks. The profile below reports five mark-weighted difficulty and complexity measures, and every question row repeats them. Full question text and mark scheme open in the Interactive Practice Hub.

- CIE IAL
- 9709 P7
- 7 questions
- 50 marks
- Free paper
- [Practise this paper](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=85032993-a887-44fd-8596-4351d468f520)
- [All 9709 P7 papers](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/)

Core finding

**9709/72 October/November 2018 is a past paper for CIE IAL Mathematics 9709 Paper 7 (Probability & Statistics 2), with 7 questions worth 50 marks.** Its mark-weighted Difficulty Measure is 0.44 on a 0.20–0.75 scale, with a Difficulty Deviation of 0.17 and a mark split of 22.0% Easy, 56.0% Medium and 22.0% Hard. Algebraic complexity averages 0.26; text density and modelling average 0.44. All five measures use 15 part-level tags, not candidate results. Every question row below repeats them and opens the Interactive Practice Hub for that question.

## Difficulty & complexity profile

All five measures are mark-weighted and calculated from 15 parts carrying 50 part marks. Difficulty tags cover 15 parts, algebraic tags 15 and text-density tags 15. Tags are internal metadata, not official exam-board ratings.

- **Difficulty Measure**: 0.44 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Medium
- **Difficulty Deviation**: 0.17 — 0 = uniform; higher = more mixed
- **Difficulty Ratio**: 22.0 / 56.0 / 22.0 — % Easy / Medium / Hard
- **Algebraic Complexity Measure**: 0.26 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Low
- **Text Density and Modelling Measure**: 0.44 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Medium

Scale: Easy 0.20 · Medium 0.45 · Hard 0.75, and Low 0.20 · Medium 0.45 · High 0.75 for the two complexity measures. [How each band is defined and how the values are calculated →](https://www.examsci.com/guides/difficulty-and-complexity-measures/)

### Definitions and calculation

| Measure | Paper value | Formula |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Difficulty Measure** | 0.44 | Σ(d_i × w_i) / Σw_i, with d = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |
| **Difficulty Deviation** | 0.17 | √(Σw_i(d_i − μ)^2 / Σw_i) |
| **Difficulty Ratio** | 22.0% Easy / 56.0% Medium / 22.0% Hard | marks in band / all tagged marks |
| **Algebraic Complexity Measure** | 0.26 | Σ(c_i × marks_i) / Σmarks_i, with c = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |
| **Text Density and Modelling Measure** | 0.44 | Σ(t_i × marks_i) / Σmarks_i, with t = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |

w_i equals the part marks, except for a Hard part worth 4 or more marks, where w_i = marks^0.75 to offset the accessible starter steps inside long structured questions.

## Question list

Each measure is recalculated from the parts of that question and uses the same weights as the paper profile.

| Question | Topic | Marks | Difficulty Measure | Algebraic Complexity Measure | Text Density and Modelling Measure | Practice |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Q1** FRQ | 1 The Poisson distribution | 3 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=85032993-a887-44fd-8596-4351d468f520&question_id=947672e5-f6a6-4063-bada-5c4cafb1ee07&source_detail=9709%2F72+October%2FNovember+2018) |
| **Q2** FRQ | 4 Sampling and estimation | 4 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=85032993-a887-44fd-8596-4351d468f520&question_id=0d088cd4-60a8-472a-8047-e71d3f113671&source_detail=9709%2F72+October%2FNovember+2018) |
| **Q3** FRQ | 2 Linear combinations of random variables | 5 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=85032993-a887-44fd-8596-4351d468f520&question_id=3fcf140b-70e8-41a2-8544-97420a47cd96&source_detail=9709%2F72+October%2FNovember+2018) |
| **Q4** FRQ | 3 Continuous random variables | 7 | 0.41 Medium | 0.41 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=85032993-a887-44fd-8596-4351d468f520&question_id=8e765dad-cf19-4f4c-aca0-660c594c6ce1&source_detail=9709%2F72+October%2FNovember+2018) |
| **Q5** FRQ | 4 Sampling and estimation | 10 | 0.42 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=85032993-a887-44fd-8596-4351d468f520&question_id=57b1ab24-a2da-4a70-a850-4de16c40d8ab&source_detail=9709%2F72+October%2FNovember+2018) |
| **Q6** FRQ | 5 Hypothesis tests | 10 | 0.57 Medium | 0.33 Medium | 0.60 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=85032993-a887-44fd-8596-4351d468f520&question_id=6e896beb-54ca-4161-8cf3-696401219b51&source_detail=9709%2F72+October%2FNovember+2018) |
| **Q7** FRQ | 1 The Poisson distribution | 11 | 0.52 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.34 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=85032993-a887-44fd-8596-4351d468f520&question_id=9ac14862-ec56-4fe6-8625-b57e50e23a38&source_detail=9709%2F72+October%2FNovember+2018) |

## Related papers

- [9709/71](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-october-november-9709-71/) — October/November 2018 — 7 questions · 50 marks — Free
- [9709/73](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-october-november-9709-73/) — October/November 2018 — 7 questions · 50 marks — Free
- [9709/71](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-may-june-9709-71/) — May/June 2018 — 7 questions · 50 marks — Free
- [9709/72](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-may-june-9709-72/) — May/June 2018 — 7 questions · 50 marks — Free
- [9709/73](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-may-june-9709-73/) — May/June 2018 — 7 questions · 50 marks — Free
- [9709/72](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-march-9709-72/) — March 2018 — 7 questions · 50 marks — Free

## Paper FAQ

**How are the difficulty and complexity measures calculated?**

Each part is weighted by its official marks. Difficulty uses Easy 0.20, Medium 0.45 and Hard 0.75; algebraic complexity and text density and modelling use Low 0.20, Medium 0.45 and High 0.75. A Hard part worth 4 or more marks is down-weighted to marks^0.75, so the accessible starter steps inside a long structured question do not inflate the difficulty result. This paper's Difficulty Measure is 0.44 from 15 parts.

**What does the Difficulty Deviation show?**

It is the mark-weighted standard deviation of the part difficulty values around the paper mean. A value of 0 would mean every tagged part has the same difficulty; this paper's deviation is 0.17, so its parts are more mixed than a single-level paper.

**Is the Difficulty Ratio based on question counts or marks?**

It is based on official marks, not question counts. This paper's shares are 22.0% Easy, 56.0% Medium and 22.0% Hard; the three shares sum to 100% before rounding.

**Are these official difficulty ratings?**

No. They are derived from the platform's part-level difficulty and static-question-profile tags. They are not exam-board grade boundaries and are not calculated from candidate outcomes. Use them to compare the demand profile of papers, not to predict a grade.

**Why does each question row show its own measures?**

Each row recalculates the same mark-weighted formula from that question's parts. A single-part MCQ therefore shows the tag value directly, while a multi-part structured question blends the tags of its parts using the same Hard-part decay as the paper profile.

---

Full page with native tables, bar charts and Practice Hub links: https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/mathematics/9709-p7/2018-october-november-9709-72/