# 9702/13 May/June 2017

> 9702/13 May/June 2017: 40 questions, 40 marks. Difficulty 0.33, deviation 0.14, algebraic 0.21, text density 0.29. CIE IAL Physics 9702 P1.

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CIE IAL · Physics · 2017 May/June

This Physics 9702 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice) paper contains 40 questions worth 40 marks. The profile below reports five mark-weighted difficulty and complexity measures, and every question row repeats them. Full question text and mark scheme open in the Interactive Practice Hub.

- CIE IAL
- 9702 P1
- 40 questions
- 40 marks
- Free paper
- [Practise this paper](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac)
- [All 9702 P1 papers](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)

Core finding

**9702/13 May/June 2017 is a past paper for CIE IAL Physics 9702 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice), with 40 questions worth 40 marks.** Its mark-weighted Difficulty Measure is 0.33 on a 0.20–0.75 scale, with a Difficulty Deviation of 0.14 and a mark split of 52.5% Easy, 45.0% Medium and 2.5% Hard. Algebraic complexity averages 0.21; text density and modelling average 0.29. All five measures use 40 part-level tags, not candidate results. Every question row below repeats them and opens the Interactive Practice Hub for that question.

## Difficulty & complexity profile

All five measures are mark-weighted and calculated from 40 parts carrying 40 part marks. Difficulty tags cover 40 parts, algebraic tags 40 and text-density tags 40. Tags are internal metadata, not official exam-board ratings.

- **Difficulty Measure**: 0.33 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Medium
- **Difficulty Deviation**: 0.14 — 0 = uniform; higher = more mixed
- **Difficulty Ratio**: 52.5 / 45.0 / 2.5 — % Easy / Medium / Hard
- **Algebraic Complexity Measure**: 0.21 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Low
- **Text Density and Modelling Measure**: 0.29 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Low

Scale: Easy 0.20 · Medium 0.45 · Hard 0.75, and Low 0.20 · Medium 0.45 · High 0.75 for the two complexity measures. [How each band is defined and how the values are calculated →](https://www.examsci.com/guides/difficulty-and-complexity-measures/)

### Definitions and calculation

| Measure | Paper value | Formula |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Difficulty Measure** | 0.33 | Σ(d_i × w_i) / Σw_i, with d = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |
| **Difficulty Deviation** | 0.14 | √(Σw_i(d_i − μ)^2 / Σw_i) |
| **Difficulty Ratio** | 52.5% Easy / 45.0% Medium / 2.5% Hard | marks in band / all tagged marks |
| **Algebraic Complexity Measure** | 0.21 | Σ(c_i × marks_i) / Σmarks_i, with c = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |
| **Text Density and Modelling Measure** | 0.29 | Σ(t_i × marks_i) / Σmarks_i, with t = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |

w_i equals the part marks, except for a Hard part worth 4 or more marks, where w_i = marks^0.75 to offset the accessible starter steps inside long structured questions.

## Question list

Each measure is recalculated from the parts of that question and uses the same weights as the paper profile.

| Question | Topic | Marks | Difficulty Measure | Algebraic Complexity Measure | Text Density and Modelling Measure | Practice |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Q1** FRQ | [1.1 Physical quantities](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/physical-quantities/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=faa0dcf7-4e77-4d6f-850d-4c65e731be83&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q2** FRQ | [1.4 Scalars and vectors](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/scalars-and-vectors/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=a27d165d-62de-4c5e-84b4-5b20a92a730f&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q3** FRQ | [1.2 SI units](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/si-units/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=7f7e9e7f-eb59-40a6-b4ff-7463ed4a803f&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q4** FRQ | [2.2 Errors and uncertainties](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/errors-and-uncertainties/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=628bee3e-a200-4128-8d83-120549fee9ea&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q5** FRQ | [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=b482526e-0ec2-4fea-89ea-3d84c2684093&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q6** FRQ | [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=d85a804b-8520-4666-8004-b662ce2434d7&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q7** FRQ | [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=797e69a5-5da4-43f7-bf4b-c80234b891ca&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q8** FRQ | [4.2 Non-uniform motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/non-uniform-motion/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=94dbe302-c701-47d8-8a7f-46815b2c8317&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q9** FRQ | [4.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/momentum-and-newton-s-laws-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=a0dd5607-1400-4890-a688-210c31c216d3&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q10** FRQ | [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=8c1352a5-1056-4217-85ac-373f00d0a13c&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q11** FRQ | [5.1 Types of force](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=c2f975ad-5199-40ac-9493-96e8aea46fe5&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q12** FRQ | [5.1 Types of force](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=d06dfa1b-a517-4414-8bb3-028ab03cfaef&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q13** FRQ | [5.4 Density and pressure](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/density-and-pressure/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=5c2ec20c-0adf-4ad2-824f-c44694f16d6d&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q14** FRQ | [6.2 Work and efficiency](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=9fc2d903-6379-4a1d-b2d2-2eb32ad9b64c&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q15** FRQ | [6.2 Work and efficiency](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=2b65ecaf-591e-4b8f-bf43-f21f559547d0&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q16** FRQ | [6.2 Work and efficiency](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=40dd7085-1895-4406-88ae-98a2cfa3c462&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q17** FRQ | [6.4 Power](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=e1408b0f-e357-455c-9e86-885fc884eefc&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q18** FRQ | [9.1 Stress and strain](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/stress-and-strain/) | 1 | 0.75 Hard | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=35ae0e08-8996-4b23-947c-cc1e76b1f12e&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q19** FRQ | [9.1 Stress and strain](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/stress-and-strain/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=61d701bc-d50c-4c5f-9004-eea960a6f290&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q20** FRQ | [9.2 Elastic and plastic behaviour](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/elastic-and-plastic-behaviour/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=1bfc6476-7067-44ee-a58c-140d0000c95f&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q21** FRQ | [14.1 Progressive waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/progressive-waves/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=1c46edf3-bba8-4f54-bdbc-c1d248697c6a&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q22** FRQ | [14.1 Progressive waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/progressive-waves/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=b057e7c5-e12b-4db7-8e6e-07464f9d362a&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q23** FRQ | [2.1 Measurements](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=3e70bd2f-5d4b-40db-b592-09734c5e8b7f&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q24** FRQ | [14.4 Doppler effect](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=de08bc1d-96fc-4550-aaba-ecec2fb0a2d4&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q25** FRQ | [14.5 Electromagnetic spectrum](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/electromagnetic-spectrum/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=9c73c30d-7b64-41e9-847d-43fbad9f36f4&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q26** FRQ | [15.1 Stationary waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/stationary-waves/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=5fc83e4c-e7c1-4d50-85e5-0bc1e42087c6&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q27** FRQ | [15.4 Diffraction gratings](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=af174c61-e016-46c1-ab91-15e90f0fffa0&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q28** FRQ | [15.3 Interference, two-source interference](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=7af7c89b-8b0d-47cc-b306-d597ac328c42&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q29** FRQ | [17.1 Concept of an electric field](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=875d5561-1c63-4290-b728-33437c78dc13&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q30** FRQ | [17.1 Concept of an electric field](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=a26465cb-8ab2-4a77-b340-80f22ad206c9&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q31** FRQ | [19.1 Electric current](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/electric-current/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=bd918bbc-a03d-4082-9040-8e57812ce084&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q32** FRQ | [19.2 Potential difference and power](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/potential-difference-and-power/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=fe794d8d-cd54-4119-84c3-c45835c0cb77&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q33** FRQ | [19.3 Resistance and resistivity](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/resistance-and-resistivity/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=7d5a9c37-72b1-4e4d-b5b8-f740b8c6f975&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q34** FRQ | [20.1 Practical circuits](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/practical-circuits/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=a1938769-415c-4961-993b-f233801eba5a&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q35** FRQ | [20.2 Kirchhoff’s laws](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/kirchhoff-s-laws/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=b3c8382e-f321-4902-b103-2e4d4be9e649&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q36** FRQ | [20.3 Potential dividers](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/potential-dividers/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=f3f47114-5460-4a9e-bb8f-d1edc0d55c8b&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q37** FRQ | [26.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/atoms-nuclei-and-radiation/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=d265dba3-928d-405e-a7ed-257eeb42e9fa&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q38** FRQ | [26.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/atoms-nuclei-and-radiation/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=b27f7e4a-324e-4087-8d89-1439e5658d5e&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q39** FRQ | [26.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/atoms-nuclei-and-radiation/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=6fb0a2d0-be5c-4a50-b7a7-3845a10a5a21&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |
| **Q40** FRQ | [26.2 Fundamental particles](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/fundamental-particles/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=e820531f-75c2-4016-bfa4-6973d3f640ac&question_id=b74d7831-b4d8-4ecb-9f64-6924f899b721&source_detail=9702%2F13+May%2FJune+2017) |

## Topics in this paper

- [1.1 Physical quantities](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/physical-quantities/)
- [6.3 Potential energy and kinetic energy](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)
- [1.4 Scalars and vectors](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/scalars-and-vectors/)
- [1.2 SI units](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/si-units/)
- [19.2 Potential difference and power](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/potential-difference-and-power/)
- [2.2 Errors and uncertainties](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/errors-and-uncertainties/)
- [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/)
- [4.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/momentum-and-newton-s-laws-of-motion/)
- [4.2 Non-uniform motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/non-uniform-motion/)
- [6.1 Energy conversion and conservation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)
- [6.2 Work and efficiency](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)
- [5.1 Types of force](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)

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## Paper FAQ

**How are the difficulty and complexity measures calculated?**

Each part is weighted by its official marks. Difficulty uses Easy 0.20, Medium 0.45 and Hard 0.75; algebraic complexity and text density and modelling use Low 0.20, Medium 0.45 and High 0.75. A Hard part worth 4 or more marks is down-weighted to marks^0.75, so the accessible starter steps inside a long structured question do not inflate the difficulty result. This paper's Difficulty Measure is 0.33 from 40 parts.

**What does the Difficulty Deviation show?**

It is the mark-weighted standard deviation of the part difficulty values around the paper mean. A value of 0 would mean every tagged part has the same difficulty; this paper's deviation is 0.14, so its parts are more mixed than a single-level paper.

**Is the Difficulty Ratio based on question counts or marks?**

It is based on official marks, not question counts. This paper's shares are 52.5% Easy, 45.0% Medium and 2.5% Hard; the three shares sum to 100% before rounding.

**Are these official difficulty ratings?**

No. They are derived from the platform's part-level difficulty and static-question-profile tags. They are not exam-board grade boundaries and are not calculated from candidate outcomes. Use them to compare the demand profile of papers, not to predict a grade.

**Why does each question row show its own measures?**

Each row recalculates the same mark-weighted formula from that question's parts. A single-part MCQ therefore shows the tag value directly, while a multi-part structured question blends the tags of its parts using the same Hard-part decay as the paper profile.

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