# 9702/11 October/November 2019

> 9702/11 October/November 2019: 40 questions, 40 marks. Difficulty 0.30, deviation 0.12, algebraic 0.24, text density 0.31. CIE IAL Physics 9702 P1.

- Canonical HTML: https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/2019-october-november-9702-11/
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CIE IAL · Physics · 2019 October/November

This Physics 9702 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice) paper contains 40 questions worth 40 marks. The profile below reports five mark-weighted difficulty and complexity measures, and every question row repeats them. Full question text and mark scheme open in the Interactive Practice Hub.

- CIE IAL
- 9702 P1
- 40 questions
- 40 marks
- Free paper
- [Practise this paper](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308)
- [All 9702 P1 papers](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)

Core finding

**9702/11 October/November 2019 is a past paper for CIE IAL Physics 9702 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice), with 40 questions worth 40 marks.** Its mark-weighted Difficulty Measure is 0.30 on a 0.20–0.75 scale, with a Difficulty Deviation of 0.12 and a mark split of 60.0% Easy, 40.0% Medium and 0.0% Hard. Algebraic complexity averages 0.24; text density and modelling average 0.31. All five measures use 40 part-level tags, not candidate results. Every question row below repeats them and opens the Interactive Practice Hub for that question.

## Difficulty & complexity profile

All five measures are mark-weighted and calculated from 40 parts carrying 40 part marks. Difficulty tags cover 40 parts, algebraic tags 40 and text-density tags 40. Tags are internal metadata, not official exam-board ratings.

- **Difficulty Measure**: 0.30 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Easy
- **Difficulty Deviation**: 0.12 — 0 = uniform; higher = more mixed
- **Difficulty Ratio**: 60.0 / 40.0 / 0.0 — % Easy / Medium / Hard
- **Algebraic Complexity Measure**: 0.24 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Low
- **Text Density and Modelling Measure**: 0.31 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Low

Scale: Easy 0.20 · Medium 0.45 · Hard 0.75, and Low 0.20 · Medium 0.45 · High 0.75 for the two complexity measures. [How each band is defined and how the values are calculated →](https://www.examsci.com/guides/difficulty-and-complexity-measures/)

### Definitions and calculation

| Measure | Paper value | Formula |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Difficulty Measure** | 0.30 | Σ(d_i × w_i) / Σw_i, with d = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |
| **Difficulty Deviation** | 0.12 | √(Σw_i(d_i − μ)^2 / Σw_i) |
| **Difficulty Ratio** | 60.0% Easy / 40.0% Medium / 0.0% Hard | marks in band / all tagged marks |
| **Algebraic Complexity Measure** | 0.24 | Σ(c_i × marks_i) / Σmarks_i, with c = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |
| **Text Density and Modelling Measure** | 0.31 | Σ(t_i × marks_i) / Σmarks_i, with t = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |

w_i equals the part marks, except for a Hard part worth 4 or more marks, where w_i = marks^0.75 to offset the accessible starter steps inside long structured questions.

## Question list

Each measure is recalculated from the parts of that question and uses the same weights as the paper profile.

| Question | Topic | Marks | Difficulty Measure | Algebraic Complexity Measure | Text Density and Modelling Measure | Practice |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Q1** FRQ | [1.1 Physical quantities](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/physical-quantities/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=a853d503-57db-4e85-b954-62960c07b305&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q2** FRQ | [1.2 SI units](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/si-units/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=69a405e7-1402-4d49-a2de-e83ae467b32d&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q3** FRQ | [1.4 Scalars and vectors](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/scalars-and-vectors/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=51601b28-e286-4bd8-9591-668bc4746b52&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q4** FRQ | [2.1 Measurements](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=be9fa55e-ecac-4673-af6a-b8e53cb22f41&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q5** FRQ | [2.2 Errors and uncertainties](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/errors-and-uncertainties/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=f56983e0-1aef-4a1d-8d5e-b41f97b0d757&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q6** FRQ | [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=c77aa933-cff6-4745-a297-ca97cb47144a&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q7** FRQ | [4.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/momentum-and-newton-s-laws-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=ba190062-0de4-4b59-8e61-54268a4053f3&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q8** FRQ | [4.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/momentum-and-newton-s-laws-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=75682c59-20df-4fb9-90e4-248ce223f605&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q9** FRQ | [4.2 Non-uniform motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/non-uniform-motion/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=a4ba655a-68f4-482b-b748-5f9cec2b6af1&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q10** FRQ | [4.3 Linear momentum and its conservation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/linear-momentum-and-its-conservation/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=75b7e397-6694-489c-8485-5dc8848f4f40&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q11** FRQ | [5.1 Types of force](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=7a41cec3-d4ca-4cc3-aa8a-ca0c18e88035&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q12** FRQ | [5.2 Turning effects of forces](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/turning-effects-of-forces/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=bd75998e-f028-4a6f-b9d3-7e9660157aa7&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q13** FRQ | [5.3 Equilibrium of forces](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equilibrium-of-forces/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=5d5d0715-76d0-436c-9d30-9decb097de77&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q14** FRQ | [5.4 Density and pressure](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/density-and-pressure/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=c2dd07b7-e296-4810-9d98-b8a1997f4eb5&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q15** FRQ | [6.2 Work and efficiency](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=f7082ad5-4d26-435f-abf9-2e853b7786b6&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q16** FRQ | [6.2 Work and efficiency](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=f5927260-71c8-4529-b2a7-688317e68fa9&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q17** FRQ | [6.3 Potential energy and kinetic energy](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=ee775cc3-3194-4653-ae7f-38f27ee4990e&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q18** FRQ | [6.4 Power](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=901b2867-00e5-4aa7-9930-11ece99d0d68&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q19** FRQ | [9.1 Stress and strain](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/stress-and-strain/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=75c37871-2df3-4e19-b1cd-62610cf5d9ff&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q20** FRQ | [9.2 Elastic and plastic behaviour](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/elastic-and-plastic-behaviour/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=cd5af49b-49cf-4d44-8d06-528f0491b3c6&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q21** FRQ | [14.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/transverse-and-longitudinal-waves/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=942965f9-26df-4c28-80d6-4ecb1716a0e5&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q22** FRQ | [14.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/transverse-and-longitudinal-waves/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=6b965577-a3d1-4f1e-84a2-ca5c60467407&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q23** FRQ | [15.1 Stationary waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/stationary-waves/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=6dfe8f64-b163-4946-8c4b-b536fbabddbb&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q24** FRQ | [14.4 Doppler effect](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=2150a6c0-ab20-4c49-83fb-c55749c885d5&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q25** FRQ | [14.5 Electromagnetic spectrum](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/electromagnetic-spectrum/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=a0cb85ea-09de-4f86-8d07-308182a480d5&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q26** FRQ | [15.1 Stationary waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/stationary-waves/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=ad58d84c-bbfc-4b57-9394-51a89a6c7e9d&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q27** FRQ | [15.2 Diffraction](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/diffraction/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=c461b136-256b-43b7-8806-d007040994c4&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q28** FRQ | [15.4 Diffraction gratings](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=5523b563-978a-4cab-b499-4df37700213b&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q29** FRQ | [15.4 Diffraction gratings](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=0bcdfd56-034d-42eb-95f5-d1f3e639fe03&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q30** FRQ | [19.1 Electric current](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/electric-current/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=03174c25-05ec-404c-89cf-8b96a56c27d6&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q31** FRQ | [19.1 Electric current](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/electric-current/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=c030323b-61ec-4f15-bcd0-6f4fcdc4f552&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q32** FRQ | [19.2 Potential difference and power](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/potential-difference-and-power/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=085b2d61-2435-44c3-b427-bf141f9f96c7&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q33** FRQ | [19.3 Resistance and resistivity](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/resistance-and-resistivity/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=1d9eb5b1-2013-486f-8450-f87a9fb02366&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q34** FRQ | [20.2 Kirchhoff’s laws](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/kirchhoff-s-laws/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=df40c3aa-f7c8-4299-bbe5-d7319c5aae57&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q35** FRQ | [20.1 Practical circuits](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/practical-circuits/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=efdd6258-1ade-4eb0-9088-7b22e77f0e38&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q36** FRQ | [20.2 Kirchhoff’s laws](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/kirchhoff-s-laws/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=abf52b34-1fc7-4af2-a935-9a737bb568bd&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q37** FRQ | [20.2 Kirchhoff’s laws](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/kirchhoff-s-laws/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=f3eea7d5-9aaa-4517-8911-63ef917ab5cf&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q38** FRQ | [20.2 Kirchhoff’s laws](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/kirchhoff-s-laws/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=76bfbd43-a086-4448-8668-fc45a82b37ae&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q39** FRQ | [26.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/atoms-nuclei-and-radiation/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=1cacf56c-1204-4e5b-92a3-f366ff152bae&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |
| **Q40** FRQ | [26.2 Fundamental particles](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/fundamental-particles/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=621304ed-a37e-45be-b11d-a13d21504308&question_id=fee015fe-d1c7-42e7-81e8-85e744aacb56&source_detail=9702%2F11+October%2FNovember+2019) |

## Topics in this paper

- [1.1 Physical quantities](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/physical-quantities/)
- [1.2 SI units](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/si-units/)
- [1.4 Scalars and vectors](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/scalars-and-vectors/)
- [2.1 Measurements](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)
- [2.2 Errors and uncertainties](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/errors-and-uncertainties/)
- [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/)
- [4.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/momentum-and-newton-s-laws-of-motion/)
- [4.2 Non-uniform motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/non-uniform-motion/)
- [4.3 Linear momentum and its conservation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/linear-momentum-and-its-conservation/)
- [5.1 Types of force](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)
- [5.4 Density and pressure](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/density-and-pressure/)
- [5.2 Turning effects of forces](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/turning-effects-of-forces/)

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## Paper FAQ

**How are the difficulty and complexity measures calculated?**

Each part is weighted by its official marks. Difficulty uses Easy 0.20, Medium 0.45 and Hard 0.75; algebraic complexity and text density and modelling use Low 0.20, Medium 0.45 and High 0.75. A Hard part worth 4 or more marks is down-weighted to marks^0.75, so the accessible starter steps inside a long structured question do not inflate the difficulty result. This paper's Difficulty Measure is 0.30 from 40 parts.

**What does the Difficulty Deviation show?**

It is the mark-weighted standard deviation of the part difficulty values around the paper mean. A value of 0 would mean every tagged part has the same difficulty; this paper's deviation is 0.12, so its parts are more mixed than a single-level paper.

**Is the Difficulty Ratio based on question counts or marks?**

It is based on official marks, not question counts. This paper's shares are 60.0% Easy, 40.0% Medium and 0.0% Hard; the three shares sum to 100% before rounding.

**Are these official difficulty ratings?**

No. They are derived from the platform's part-level difficulty and static-question-profile tags. They are not exam-board grade boundaries and are not calculated from candidate outcomes. Use them to compare the demand profile of papers, not to predict a grade.

**Why does each question row show its own measures?**

Each row recalculates the same mark-weighted formula from that question's parts. A single-part MCQ therefore shows the tag value directly, while a multi-part structured question blends the tags of its parts using the same Hard-part decay as the paper profile.

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