# 9702/12 May/June 2020

> 9702/12 May/June 2020: 40 questions, 40 marks. Difficulty 0.32, deviation 0.17, algebraic 0.24, text density 0.32. CIE IAL Physics 9702 P1.

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CIE IAL · Physics · 2020 May/June

This Physics 9702 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice) paper contains 40 questions worth 40 marks. The profile below reports five mark-weighted difficulty and complexity measures, and every question row repeats them. Full question text and mark scheme open in the Interactive Practice Hub.

- CIE IAL
- 9702 P1
- 40 questions
- 40 marks
- Free paper
- [Practise this paper](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345)
- [All 9702 P1 papers](https://www.examsci.com/past-papers/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)

Core finding

**9702/12 May/June 2020 is a past paper for CIE IAL Physics 9702 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice), with 40 questions worth 40 marks.** Its mark-weighted Difficulty Measure is 0.32 on a 0.20–0.75 scale, with a Difficulty Deviation of 0.17 and a mark split of 60.0% Easy, 32.5% Medium and 7.5% Hard. Algebraic complexity averages 0.24; text density and modelling average 0.32. All five measures use 40 part-level tags, not candidate results. Every question row below repeats them and opens the Interactive Practice Hub for that question.

## Difficulty & complexity profile

All five measures are mark-weighted and calculated from 40 parts carrying 40 part marks. Difficulty tags cover 40 parts, algebraic tags 40 and text-density tags 40. Tags are internal metadata, not official exam-board ratings.

- **Difficulty Measure**: 0.32 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Easy
- **Difficulty Deviation**: 0.17 — 0 = uniform; higher = more mixed
- **Difficulty Ratio**: 60.0 / 32.5 / 7.5 — % Easy / Medium / Hard
- **Algebraic Complexity Measure**: 0.24 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Low
- **Text Density and Modelling Measure**: 0.32 — 0.20–0.75 · nearer Low

Scale: Easy 0.20 · Medium 0.45 · Hard 0.75, and Low 0.20 · Medium 0.45 · High 0.75 for the two complexity measures. [How each band is defined and how the values are calculated →](https://www.examsci.com/guides/difficulty-and-complexity-measures/)

### Definitions and calculation

| Measure | Paper value | Formula |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Difficulty Measure** | 0.32 | Σ(d_i × w_i) / Σw_i, with d = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |
| **Difficulty Deviation** | 0.17 | √(Σw_i(d_i − μ)^2 / Σw_i) |
| **Difficulty Ratio** | 60.0% Easy / 32.5% Medium / 7.5% Hard | marks in band / all tagged marks |
| **Algebraic Complexity Measure** | 0.24 | Σ(c_i × marks_i) / Σmarks_i, with c = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |
| **Text Density and Modelling Measure** | 0.32 | Σ(t_i × marks_i) / Σmarks_i, with t = 0.20 / 0.45 / 0.75 |

w_i equals the part marks, except for a Hard part worth 4 or more marks, where w_i = marks^0.75 to offset the accessible starter steps inside long structured questions.

## Question list

Each measure is recalculated from the parts of that question and uses the same weights as the paper profile.

| Question | Topic | Marks | Difficulty Measure | Algebraic Complexity Measure | Text Density and Modelling Measure | Practice |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Q1** FRQ | [1.1 Physical quantities](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/physical-quantities/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=83410e57-0757-4881-be00-5793f9b8758b&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q2** FRQ | [1.4 Scalars and vectors](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/scalars-and-vectors/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=ee121865-54a4-42a2-bc97-1ac7c01a06e3&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q3** FRQ | [2.1 Measurements](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=647501f3-11ef-4cb3-a941-bfa44d1518b2&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q4** FRQ | [2.2 Errors and uncertainties](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/errors-and-uncertainties/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=4b0b2209-f6f1-4520-80ca-7c0024380e4d&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q5** FRQ | [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=72910b42-76d2-4493-8849-6c400e0da604&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q6** FRQ | [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.75 Hard | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=38e805cc-4005-45c6-af8a-df40792352fb&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q7** FRQ | [4.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/momentum-and-newton-s-laws-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=7ba80547-bdfd-49ff-a2f9-36c22e7e1337&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q8** FRQ | [4.2 Non-uniform motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/non-uniform-motion/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=e840b215-bf7c-4cf2-b1ed-865d8b4190be&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q9** FRQ | [4.3 Linear momentum and its conservation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/linear-momentum-and-its-conservation/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=a4c3640b-9e1f-4227-bc7a-42858ec3021c&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q10** FRQ | [5.1 Types of force](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=9879e548-db3c-4138-adf2-a8275ad47210&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q11** FRQ | [5.2 Turning effects of forces](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/turning-effects-of-forces/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=2df003f5-6ab3-4373-9235-faebd5d8436d&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q12** FRQ | [5.3 Equilibrium of forces](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equilibrium-of-forces/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=d998387f-fa34-46ad-a4f8-042ae70f8ae2&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q13** FRQ | [5.1 Types of force](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=33f8ae34-2fcd-452f-822a-754c0ab1e098&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q14** FRQ | [6.2 Work and efficiency](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=a7b1aec5-585e-4900-926c-bedba4dcbde1&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q15** FRQ | [6.2 Work and efficiency](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=57a20fc0-d889-4e21-beab-eae8a8e2ebaf&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q16** FRQ | [9.2 Elastic and plastic behaviour](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/elastic-and-plastic-behaviour/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=8be4a914-7509-43e8-943b-2c59ccec8af8&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q17** FRQ | [6.4 Power](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=d373412c-33d6-4cce-be74-6445cbef7679&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q18** FRQ | [5.3 Equilibrium of forces](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equilibrium-of-forces/) | 1 | 0.75 Hard | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=ee8228a4-4191-4ce1-875e-0d590a1df366&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q19** FRQ | [9.1 Stress and strain](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/stress-and-strain/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=673b13f2-5d80-4b76-9b44-f2c925a9e1cd&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q20** FRQ | [9.2 Elastic and plastic behaviour](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/elastic-and-plastic-behaviour/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=c6d4a5c4-a6ef-4aa2-8465-5dd470fb8108&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q21** FRQ | [14.1 Progressive waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/progressive-waves/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=c630d742-2711-4175-8b35-e17669b457eb&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q22** FRQ | [14.1 Progressive waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/progressive-waves/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=56a5a88b-0873-4adc-bb03-a78a915daec2&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q23** FRQ | [2.1 Measurements](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=a883024a-3281-42f1-8769-5b95a3d5e442&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q24** FRQ | [14.3 Determination of frequency and wavelength of sound waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=04629d00-5671-441a-9700-1f94995bd872&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q25** FRQ | [14.4 Doppler effect](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=2fe45c59-28df-4b37-9529-11ffeaef9cb3&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q26** FRQ | [14.5 Electromagnetic spectrum](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/electromagnetic-spectrum/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=43ccf0d9-f4ea-48ce-8b92-a5d720fda485&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q27** FRQ | [15.1 Stationary waves](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/stationary-waves/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=b9c0d039-a6ee-473a-97a2-7fbb5a9be937&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q28** FRQ | [15.2 Diffraction](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/diffraction/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=7d046a1a-5348-4485-8d81-bcf664fe2592&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q29** FRQ | [15.3 Interference, two-source interference](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=2f1ece2c-bd8f-4a2c-8453-41af088a4a6f&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q30** FRQ | [15.4 Diffraction gratings](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=b3b476a7-3b44-4a64-a4aa-bd75583bb987&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q31** FRQ | [17.1 Concept of an electric field](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=b6582c19-e4c1-470e-a63b-4b2b74060972&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q32** FRQ | [4.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/momentum-and-newton-s-laws-of-motion/) | 1 | 0.75 Hard | 0.45 Medium | 0.75 High | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=67767b21-9199-4e10-a374-d371fe1d1c5a&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q33** FRQ | [19.1 Electric current](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/electric-current/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=8391d816-1152-4064-aab4-b23a342b3fd6&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q34** FRQ | [19.2 Potential difference and power](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/potential-difference-and-power/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=a0d1b094-8141-49f0-9f6d-19b32ef913b5&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q35** FRQ | [19.3 Resistance and resistivity](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/resistance-and-resistivity/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=e5e129f6-d88e-44bb-a0a8-1bd4a69912fc&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q36** FRQ | [19.2 Potential difference and power](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/potential-difference-and-power/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=95b6967c-9bab-4ed0-aa5a-12994fcb6c86&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q37** FRQ | [20.2 Kirchhoff’s laws](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/kirchhoff-s-laws/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=b54b3436-8181-4539-bd81-a7afc02ccef3&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q38** FRQ | [20.2 Kirchhoff’s laws](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/kirchhoff-s-laws/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=298358cf-7f24-4206-b89d-aad13b6247aa&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q39** FRQ | [26.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/atoms-nuclei-and-radiation/) | 1 | 0.45 Medium | 0.20 Low | 0.45 Medium | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=fd1bb6bf-9de0-48e7-981d-d0a20d5f2651&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |
| **Q40** FRQ | [26.2 Fundamental particles](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/fundamental-particles/) | 1 | 0.20 Easy | 0.20 Low | 0.20 Low | [Go to Practice Hub](https://www.examsci.com/practice?set_id=6063e829-5113-4a71-bd42-d589d9ddd345&question_id=0b9c7dc2-74ee-4238-ae71-9f2607760bad&source_detail=9702%2F12+May%2FJune+2020) |

## Topics in this paper

- [1.1 Physical quantities](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/physical-quantities/)
- [1.4 Scalars and vectors](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/scalars-and-vectors/)
- [2.1 Measurements](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)
- [20.2 Kirchhoff’s laws](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/kirchhoff-s-laws/)
- [2.2 Errors and uncertainties](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/errors-and-uncertainties/)
- [19.3 Resistance and resistivity](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/resistance-and-resistivity/)
- [3.1 Equations of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/equations-of-motion/)
- [4.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/momentum-and-newton-s-laws-of-motion/)
- [4.2 Non-uniform motion](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/non-uniform-motion/)
- [4.3 Linear momentum and its conservation](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/linear-momentum-and-its-conservation/)
- [5.1 Types of force](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)
- [17.1 Concept of an electric field](https://www.examsci.com/topics/cie-ial/physics/9702-paper-1/)

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## Paper FAQ

**How are the difficulty and complexity measures calculated?**

Each part is weighted by its official marks. Difficulty uses Easy 0.20, Medium 0.45 and Hard 0.75; algebraic complexity and text density and modelling use Low 0.20, Medium 0.45 and High 0.75. A Hard part worth 4 or more marks is down-weighted to marks^0.75, so the accessible starter steps inside a long structured question do not inflate the difficulty result. This paper's Difficulty Measure is 0.32 from 40 parts.

**What does the Difficulty Deviation show?**

It is the mark-weighted standard deviation of the part difficulty values around the paper mean. A value of 0 would mean every tagged part has the same difficulty; this paper's deviation is 0.17, so its parts are more mixed than a single-level paper.

**Is the Difficulty Ratio based on question counts or marks?**

It is based on official marks, not question counts. This paper's shares are 60.0% Easy, 32.5% Medium and 7.5% Hard; the three shares sum to 100% before rounding.

**Are these official difficulty ratings?**

No. They are derived from the platform's part-level difficulty and static-question-profile tags. They are not exam-board grade boundaries and are not calculated from candidate outcomes. Use them to compare the demand profile of papers, not to predict a grade.

**Why does each question row show its own measures?**

Each row recalculates the same mark-weighted formula from that question's parts. A single-part MCQ therefore shows the tag value directly, while a multi-part structured question blends the tags of its parts using the same Hard-part decay as the paper profile.

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